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Fixed income refers to investments that provide a fixed return over a specified period, such as bonds, Treasury bills, and certificates of deposit. These investments are typically issued by governments, corporations, or other entities, and offer investors a predictable stream of income and lower risk compared to other asset classes.

Fixed income derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying fixed income assets, such as bonds or interest rates. These derivatives enable investors to hedge or speculate on changes in interest rates or credit markets, without actually owning the underlying assets.

Equity also known as shares or stock, represent ownership in a publicly traded company.

Equity and index derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying equity assets, such as stocks or stock market indices. These derivatives enable investors to hedge or speculate on changes in equity prices, without actually owning the physical assets.

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds are types of investment vehicles that allow investorst o pool their money together to invest in a diversified portfolio of assets, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities.

ETFs trade on stock exchanges like individual stocks, and their prices may fluctuate throughout the trading day. Mutual funds are priced at the end of the trading day based on the net asset value (NAV)of the underlying assets

Emission allowances are tradable permits that allow companies to emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. These allowances are typically issued by governments as part of a cap-and-trade system, which aims to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions by capping the total amount that companies can emit.

Commodity derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying commodities such as gold, oil, or agricultural products. These derivatives enable investors to hedge or speculate on changes in commodity prices, without actually owning the physical assets.